{"id":3953,"date":"2026-03-04T20:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T19:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/?p=3953"},"modified":"2026-02-23T13:11:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T12:11:07","slug":"vhf-radiozas-a-tengeren-i-resz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/en\/vhf-radiozas-a-tengeren-i-resz\/","title":{"rendered":"VHF r\u00e1di\u00f3z\u00e1s a tengeren – I. r\u00e9sz"},"content":{"rendered":"

Digit\u00e1lis biztons\u00e1gi h\u00e1l\u00f3 a tengeren: Mi\u00e9rt elengedhetetlen a VHF-r\u00e1di\u00f3 ismerete?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A tengeri haj\u00f3z\u00e1s sor\u00e1n az egyik leggyakoribb t\u00e9vhit, hogy a modern okostelefonok kor\u00e1ban a hagyom\u00e1nyos r\u00e1di\u00f3z\u00e1s m\u00e1r csak elavult nosztalgia. Sokan \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, ha a horv\u00e1t kishaj\u00f3s enged\u00e9ly\u00fck mell\u00e9 kapnak egy r\u00e1di\u00f3s igazol\u00e1st, azzal a biztons\u00e1gtechnikai k\u00e9rd\u00e9s le van tudva. Val\u00f3j\u00e1ban a VHF-r\u00e1di\u00f3 \u00e9s a mobiltelefon k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9g v\u00e9szhelyzetben az \u00e9let \u00e9s a hal\u00e1l k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9get jelentheti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s architekt\u00fara a v\u00edzen \u2013 Mi\u00e9rt bukik el a mobiltelefon?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e1r a tengerparti pihen\u00e9s sor\u00e1n a 4G vagy 5G h\u00e1l\u00f3zatok stabilnak t\u0171nhetnek, a ny\u00edlt v\u00edzen ezek a rendszerek pillanatok alatt cserbenhagyhatj\u00e1k a haj\u00f3st. A professzion\u00e1lis tengeri ment\u00e9s, mint amilyen a rijekai MRCC (Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre)<\/strong> is, felk\u00e9sz\u00fclt a telefonos seg\u00e9lyh\u00edv\u00e1sok fogad\u00e1s\u00e1ra a 195-\u00f6s sz\u00e1mon<\/strong>, \u00e1m ez csak egy kieg\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 opci\u00f3, nem pedig a biztons\u00e1g alapk\u00f6ve. A mobiltelefon nem a modern GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System) r\u00e9sze! <\/strong>A rendszer – Glob\u00e1lis Tengeri V\u00e9sz- \u00e9s Biztons\u00e1gi Rendszer – egy nemzetk\u00f6zi, automatiz\u00e1lt v\u00e9szjelz\u0151 \u00e9s kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer, amelyet a Nemzetk\u00f6zi Tenger\u00e9szeti Szervezet (IMO) \u00edr el\u0151. M\u0171holdas \u00e9s f\u00f6ldfelsz\u00edni r\u00e1di\u00f3technol\u00f3gi\u00e1kat haszn\u00e1l a haj\u00f3k biztons\u00e1g\u00e1nak fokoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve az azonnali v\u00e9szjelz\u00e9st a ment\u00e9s koordin\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra, a v\u00e9szhelyzet pontos hely\u00e9nek meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1val, f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl a haj\u00f3 helyzet\u00e9t\u0151l. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A technol\u00f3giai divergencia okai<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az okostelefon alapvet\u0151en egy individu\u00e1lis kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s eszk\u00f6z<\/strong>. Ha bajba ker\u00fclsz, h\u00edvsz egy konkr\u00e9t sz\u00e1mot. Ha azt nem veszik fel, vagy foglalt, magadra maradt\u00e1l. Ezzel szemben a VHF (Very High Frequency)<\/strong> r\u00e1di\u00f3 egy k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi v\u00e9delmi rendszer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. A „Broadcast” elv:<\/strong> A r\u00e1di\u00f3hull\u00e1mok nem egyetlen c\u00edmzetthez jutnak el, hanem minden olyan \u00e1llom\u00e1shoz, amely az adott hat\u00f3sug\u00e1ron bel\u00fcl tart\u00f3zkodik. Egy v\u00e9szjelz\u00e9s eset\u00e9n nemcsak a parti \u00e1llom\u00e1s, hanem a t\u0151led p\u00e1r sz\u00e1z m\u00e9terre l\u00e9v\u0151 hal\u00e1szhaj\u00f3 vagy teherhaj\u00f3 is azonnal \u00e9rtes\u00fcl a helyzetr\u0151l, \u00e9s megkezdheti a ment\u00e9st.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. A DSC (Digit\u00e1lis Szelekt\u00edv H\u00edv\u00e1s) forradalma:<\/strong> A modern k\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9kekbe integr\u00e1lt DSC modul egy dedik\u00e1lt digit\u00e1lis csatorn\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl, adatcsomagk\u00e9nt k\u00fcldi el a v\u00e9szjelz\u00e9st. Ez a jelz\u00e9s priorit\u00e1st \u00e9lvez, \u00e9s k\u00e9pes arra, hogy a k\u00f6rnyez\u0151 haj\u00f3k r\u00e1di\u00f3in hangos riaszt\u00e1st v\u00e1ltson ki, m\u00e9g akkor is, ha azok \u00e9ppen m\u00e1s csatorn\u00e1ra vannak hangolva.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Fizikai hat\u00f3t\u00e1v \u00e9s terjed\u00e9s:<\/strong> A mobilh\u00e1l\u00f3zatok mikrocell\u00e1s fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se nem a v\u00edz felsz\u00edni terjed\u00e9sre lett optimaliz\u00e1lva. A VHF r\u00e1di\u00f3hull\u00e1mok ezzel szemben a r\u00e1di\u00f3horizontig (kb. 20-30 tengeri m\u00e9rf\u00f6ld) egyenes vonalban, rendk\u00edv\u00fcl stabilan terjednek. Mivel a vitorl\u00e1sok antenn\u00e1ja az \u00e1rb\u00f3c cs\u00facs\u00e1n helyezkedik el, a „l\u00e1t\u00f3mez\u0151” jelent\u0151sen megn\u0151, biztos\u00edtva a kapcsolatot ott is, ahol a GSM jelek m\u00e1r r\u00e9gen eleny\u00e9sztek.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Energiaell\u00e1t\u00e1s \u00e9s robusztuss\u00e1g:<\/strong> M\u00edg egy mobiltelefon \u00e9rz\u00e9keny a v\u00edzre, a s\u00f3s p\u00e1r\u00e1ra \u00e9s az akkumul\u00e1tora is v\u00e9ges, addig a haj\u00f3ba \u00e9p\u00edtett VHF egys\u00e9g a v\u00edzi j\u00e1rm\u0171 f\u0151 elektromos h\u00e1l\u00f3zat\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00fczemel, \u00edgy addig m\u0171k\u00f6dik, am\u00edg a haj\u00f3 akkumul\u00e1torai \u00e9letben vannak.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Jogszab\u00e1lyi keretek \u00e9s a leg\u00e9nys\u00e9g biztons\u00e1gi protokollja<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    A tengeri r\u00e1di\u00f3z\u00e1s nem csup\u00e1n technikai, hanem szigor\u00fa jogi k\u00e9rd\u00e9s is. A nemzetk\u00f6zi norm\u00e1kat az ITU (Nemzetk\u00f6zi Telekommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s Uni\u00f3)<\/strong> fekteti le a Radio Regulations<\/em> keretein bel\u00fcl. A szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171: a r\u00e1di\u00f3\u00e1llom\u00e1s\u00e9rt a haj\u00f3 parancsnoka felel, \u00e9s annak \u00fczemeltet\u00e9s\u00e9t egy megfelel\u0151en k\u00e9pzett szem\u00e9lynek kell fel\u00fcgyelnie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    K\u00e9pes\u00edt\u00e9si kateg\u00f3ri\u00e1k: Mit v\u00e1lasszon a kedvtel\u00e9si haj\u00f3s?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    A nemzetk\u00f6zi SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea)<\/strong> egyezm\u00e9ny szerint a nagy kereskedelmi haj\u00f3knak k\u00f6telez\u0151 a legmagasabb szint\u0171 r\u00e1di\u00f3s berendez\u00e9sek haszn\u00e1lata. A kisebb, kedvtel\u00e9si c\u00e9l\u00fa haj\u00f3kon (non-SOLAS kateg\u00f3ria) sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a rendszer \u00f6nk\u00e9ntes, de ha a haj\u00f3 fel van szerelve (be\u00e9p\u00edtett) r\u00e1di\u00f3val \u2013 m\u00e1rpedig a charterhaj\u00f3kon van \u2013, akkor a szkippernek rendelkeznie kell a megfelel\u0151 tan\u00fas\u00edtv\u00e1nnyal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • SRC (Short Range Certificate): <\/strong>Az Adria \u00e9s m\u00e1s part menti vizek szkippereinek ez a legfontosabb pap\u00edr. Ez jogos\u00edt fel a VHF \u00e9s DSC eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra az A1-es tengeri k\u00f6rzetben.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • LRC (Long Range Certificate):<\/strong> Ha valaki az tengeren\/\u00f3ce\u00e1nok szeretne \u00e1thaj\u00f3zni, ahol m\u00e1r r\u00f6vidhull\u00e1m\u00fa \u00e9s m\u0171holdas rendszerekre is sz\u00fcks\u00e9g van, akkor ez a szint a k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9ny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      A hum\u00e1n faktor: Mi\u00e9rt nem el\u00e9g, ha csak te tudod?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Sok kapit\u00e1ny elk\u00f6veti azt a hib\u00e1t, hogy egyed\u00fcl kezeli a r\u00e1di\u00f3t. De mi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik egy \u201eember a v\u00edzben\u201d (Man Over Board<\/em>) szitu\u00e1ci\u00f3ban, ha pont a kapit\u00e1ny zuhan a tengerbe? Vagy ha a szkipper s\u00falyos s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9st szenved egy balesetben?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      A felel\u0151s haj\u00f3z\u00e1s r\u00e9sze, hogy legal\u00e1bb egy-k\u00e9t leg\u00e9nys\u00e9gi tagot alapszinten kik\u00e9pezz\u00fcnk a r\u00e1di\u00f3 haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra. Nem kell profi vizsg\u00e1t tenni\u00fck, de tudniuk kell egy v\u00e9szhelyzeti sablont k\u00f6vetni. \u00c9rdemes a r\u00e1di\u00f3 mell\u00e9 j\u00f3l l\u00e1that\u00f3 helyre kif\u00fcggeszteni egy \u201eszam\u00e1rvezet\u0151t\u201d, amely tartalmazza a legfontosabb angol kifejez\u00e9seket:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Haj\u00f3 adatai:<\/strong> N\u00e9v, t\u00edpus<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Poz\u00edci\u00f3 meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sa:<\/strong> Koodin\u00e1t\u00e1k \/ vagy haj\u00f3 helyzete pl. k\u00e9t sziget k\u00f6z\u00f6tti helyzet\u00fcnk.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • A probl\u00e9ma jellege:<\/strong> Pl. t\u0171z, s\u00fcllyed\u00e9s vagy a kapit\u00e1ny kies\u00e9se a haj\u00f3b\u00f3l.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        A VHF-r\u00e1di\u00f3 \u00fczemeltet\u00e9se teh\u00e1t nem csup\u00e1n egy „pipa” a hat\u00f3s\u00e1gi ellen\u0151rz\u0151list\u00e1n, hanem az egyetlen val\u00f3di kommunik\u00e1ci\u00f3s csatorna, amely akkor is m\u0171k\u00f6dik, amikor minden m\u00e1s technol\u00f3gia felmondja a szolg\u00e1latot. Folytat\u00e1s a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 blog bejegyz\u00e9sben…<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Digit\u00e1lis biztons\u00e1gi h\u00e1l\u00f3 a tengeren: Mi\u00e9rt elengedhetetlen a VHF-r\u00e1di\u00f3 ismerete? A tengeri haj\u00f3z\u00e1s sor\u00e1n az egyik leggyakoribb t\u00e9vhit, hogy a modern okostelefonok kor\u00e1ban a hagyom\u00e1nyos r\u00e1di\u00f3z\u00e1s m\u00e1r csak elavult nosztalgia. Sokan \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, ha a horv\u00e1t kishaj\u00f3s enged\u00e9ly\u00fck mell\u00e9 kapnak egy r\u00e1di\u00f3s igazol\u00e1st, azzal a biztons\u00e1gtechnikai k\u00e9rd\u00e9s le van tudva. Val\u00f3j\u00e1ban a VHF-r\u00e1di\u00f3 \u00e9s a […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egyeb"],"yoast_head":"\nVHF r\u00e1di\u00f3z\u00e1s a tengeren - I. r\u00e9sz - Waypoint<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/en\/vhf-radiozas-a-tengeren-i-resz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"VHF r\u00e1di\u00f3z\u00e1s a tengeren - I. r\u00e9sz - Waypoint\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Digit\u00e1lis biztons\u00e1gi h\u00e1l\u00f3 a tengeren: Mi\u00e9rt elengedhetetlen a VHF-r\u00e1di\u00f3 ismerete? A tengeri haj\u00f3z\u00e1s sor\u00e1n az egyik leggyakoribb t\u00e9vhit, hogy a modern okostelefonok kor\u00e1ban a hagyom\u00e1nyos r\u00e1di\u00f3z\u00e1s m\u00e1r csak elavult nosztalgia. Sokan \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, ha a horv\u00e1t kishaj\u00f3s enged\u00e9ly\u00fck mell\u00e9 kapnak egy r\u00e1di\u00f3s igazol\u00e1st, azzal a biztons\u00e1gtechnikai k\u00e9rd\u00e9s le van tudva. Val\u00f3j\u00e1ban a VHF-r\u00e1di\u00f3 \u00e9s a […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/en\/vhf-radiozas-a-tengeren-i-resz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Waypoint\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-04T19:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/unnamed-e1771848593220.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1007\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"835\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Wlasitsch Tam\u00e1s\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Wlasitsch Tam\u00e1s\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/vhf-radiozas-a-tengeren-i-resz\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/vhf-radiozas-a-tengeren-i-resz\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Wlasitsch Tam\u00e1s\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/#\/schema\/person\/d362671ac241a0961a8cf291bb716766\"},\"headline\":\"VHF r\u00e1di\u00f3z\u00e1s a tengeren – I. r\u00e9sz\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-04T19:30:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/vhf-radiozas-a-tengeren-i-resz\/\"},\"wordCount\":1151,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/vhf-radiozas-a-tengeren-i-resz\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/unnamed-e1771848593220.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Egy\u00e9b\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/vhf-radiozas-a-tengeren-i-resz\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/vhf-radiozas-a-tengeren-i-resz\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/waypoint.hu\/vhf-radiozas-a-tengeren-i-resz\/\",\"name\":\"VHF r\u00e1di\u00f3z\u00e1s a tengeren - 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